Payadores Argentina
Poets: Jose Curbelo, Armando Deferrari, Emanuel Gabott, Samuel Garcilazo, Nicolas Membriani, Marta Susana Schwindt, David Tokar
Cinematography: Jorge Ramacciotti (camera/sound), Matias Iaccarino
Sound: Guido Deniro
Scholars/Consultants: Ana Cara, Ercilia Moreno Cha
Special Thanks: Cristina Pérsico
To watch the full documentary, In the Moment: Poetry Duels and Improvisations click here.
Table of Contents
The Tradition
The centrality of the payada to Argentine culture is evident in the nation’s declaring July 23rd as the “Day of the Payador.” The date commemorates a famous duel by two payadores held in Paysandú in 1884. The payador tradition extends to Uruguay, southern Brazil and Paraguay, and comprises part of the Gaucho (cowboy) culture and literature. Born in Montevideo in 1788, Bartolomé Hidalgo is considered the first gaucho poet, and his birthday, August 24th, is celebrated by Argentina’s neighbor, Uruguay, as the “Day of the Payador.” In Chile the tradition is called paya.
The key verse form for payadores is the ten-line verse form décima usually accompanied by the guitar, and employing the musical forms of the cifra, milonga, and huella. The form originated with the Spanish poet Vincente Espinel (1150-1624). Contests between payadores are often call contrapuntos, where two or more poets trade barbs, insults, pose questions, and go until one poet fails to respond to another’s challenge.
Field Notes
We were introduced to the payador tradition of Argentina by our friend and colleague Ana Cara, an Argentinian folklorist from Oberlin College specializing in the folklore of Latin America. Ana told us that there were payadores who improvised praises and verses about the riders and their horses and the Festival Nacional de Doma y Folklore. She offered to accompany us on a trip to Argentina. After years of talking about it, in January 2018, the three of us booked a flight to Argentina.
In Buenos Aires, she introduced us to her friend Cristina Pérsico, whose only words in English were “Wash and Wear Very Well Fandango!” We flew to Córdoba and then traveled to the town Jesús María, for the Festival Nacional de Doma y Folklore. Christina was a natural born producer who never took no for an answer, coaxed the poets into being interviewed, and managed to get us a prime spot near the payadores from which the cinematographers could film.
The payadores at the Festival, Nicolas Membriani and Samuel Garcilazo, added a “flourish” to the rodeo, improvising lines to the riders as they competed to stay longest on their bucking horses. From there, we travelled to Buenos Aires where we met with Ercilia Moreno Cha who was just completing a book on the tradition, “Aqui me pongo a cantar…”: El arte payadoresco de Argentina y Uruguay. She had selected four master payadores Marta Susana Schwindt, Jose Curbelo, Emanuel Gabott, and David Tokar. She brought us to a lovely town associated with payadas at San Antonio de Areco, and arranged for a performance at the Museo de Las Lilas. We brought the poets to La Posada de la Plaza where we filmed interviews with David Tokar and Emanuel Gabbott.
Transcript
At the Museo de Las Lilas
In San Antonio de Areco near Buenos Aires
Establishing shots and stills showing Argentine Folklore and Places playing more of David’s music.
Festival de la Doma Y Folklore
Jesus Maria, Cordoba
NICOLAS, ARGENTINIAN PAYADOR
My dear companion and my brother
And my countrymen
Marked by our origins
By saying that I honor you
I bring joy and my poetry
Here to the Festival
The purpose of improvising at a horsebreaking event is to create a flourish
We sing to the horse, to the rider, to their activity
We encourage them, we joke
We greet a friend in the stands
We are embellishing the event.
SAMUEL, ARGENTINIAN PAYADOR
On this day we have arrived
This working day – feeling alive
For singing and horse breaking
And poetic verse-shaping
With a guitar that plays melodies
From the olden days
I’m serene as I express
With guiltar strings that I caress
The horses that will leap and bound
So let’s get started on this round
ANA CARA
And in that sense, even though it’s a tradition, the innovation makes the audience listen up.
Waiting for the unexpected rhyme that raps up the stanza.
SAMUEL
Here today is Abadia
Let’s have applause for this brave rider
And for a tradition that reflects the ways
Of life in olden days
ERCILIA
When the payador poets are in front of an audience unfamiliar with improvisation they know the audience doubs they are actually improvising. The audience doubts. They don’t believe. So what do the payadores do? The first thing they do – Since I’ve followed them so many years I know many of their tricks. A cat passes by and the first thing they do is improvise about the cat. A sound comes from the garden, the first thing they do is refer to that sound.
DAVID
And I start to think about
What we are filming now
A bird will sing
And the strangest thing
And a woman walks through the frame –
And it’s Ercilia Moreno Cha.
ERCILIA
Ha!
ANA CARA
Can you improvise in a universal way about the stages of human life/
MANUEL
Just at the start
Feel the beating of a newborn heart
Crying in the hospital room
After the silence in the womb
He opens his eyes, a child now feeling
His pride as a human being
Knowing what it means to live
Moved from the cradle to the crib
Stage by stage – all to the good
Now it’s the start of childhood
With age your face is not the same
All that pleasure turns to pain
The body is a flower
In the cemetery’s shady bower
Life has its determinants
Each soul has its existence
Life is beautiful but has no permanence
It’s just a circle of events
Cause from the baby’s first loud cry
A human being starts to die
ANA CARA
The tradition of improvised poetry in Argentina also served as a source of literary productions. Jorge Luis Borges was inspired by the payadores to create a series of what are called milongas based on the traditional forms. I worked with Borges to translate his milongas into English. I also worked with David Young who’s a wonderful poet in the U.S. Together we translated his milongas and on one occasion I got together with Borges and I said, “what do you think?” I wanted his feedback. And he noticed that the rhyme scheme was not what it was in the milongas – in fact we had deliberately not used too much rhyme because it sounded like dogerell. And Borges said “absolutely not.” He said, “you must have the rhyme.” And I said “but sometimes that’s a little difficult.” He said, “change the content, but you must have the rhyme.” Those poetic forms and the rhyme were very important to him.
JOSÉ CURBELO AND MARTA SUINT
Go ahead and clap so we can start out on a happy note.
We would like to ask for a pie forzado
[a line that we can improvise with]
CRIS PÉRSICO
“La medida de mis tiempos” – de Borges.
The measure of my times – by the poet Borges.
JOSÉ
We’re going to make it “of my times the measure,” because “tiempo” (unless its “contratiempo” – which is practically the same) doesn’t have rimes.
“Of my time the measure”… and one for her…
FROM AUDIENCE
I’ll will wait for you on my journey.
JOSÉ
In a manner so resolved
The lyrics that a poet forges
Can take a phrase from the poet Borges
Reverse it so the rhyme is solved
And the verse is strong and tall
Holds it own and doesn’t fall
Let it be a shining star
Where I raise my voice to all
Not only hoping that it gives you pleasure
But is – of my times the measure
MARTA
You were always at my side
We were partners – unified
You illuminated my universe
With a wonderful, spontaneous verse
But the time has come for me
To define our destiny
I’ll swear to God sure as I’m standin’
I’ll be your true companion
If you live to see my final day
I’ll wait for you along the way